Brad Rigden Brad Rigden

Published paper - Future IoT: An Archetypal Model for Commerce Amongst Machines

The Internet of Things (IoT) has traditionally been understood as a network of connected physical objects that sense their environments and communicate information to human users or enterprise applications. This paper argues that this conception is becoming inadequate. The next important stage of IoT development is likely to be characterised not merely by machines communicating with machines, but by machines participating in economic relationships with other machines. Connected assets will increasingly possess persistent identities, contextual awareness, delegated authority and access to payment, contracting and risk-management mechanisms. The result will be an emerging machine economy in which devices can request services, negotiate conditions, authorise expenditure, purchase resources, provide evidence of performance and initiate settlement with limited human intervention.

Read More
Brad Rigden Brad Rigden

The role of FinTech in the rise of a Multipolar Global System

The international system that emerged after the Second World War was anchored in a set of largely stable, interlocking principles, notably, territorial inviolability, a US-led security architecture, a rules-based multilateral framework, an open economic order centred on Western financial institutions, and normative commitments to human rights and self-determination.

Read More
Brad Rigden Brad Rigden

BRICS+ : A Bloc in Motion

The BRICS alliance—originally composed of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa—has evolved from a symbolic economic acronym into a potentially transformative geopolitical bloc.

Read More